Medicinal plant species

1. Wild Ginger (Curcuma xanthorhiza Roxb) belonging to the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), Wild Ginger is a medicinal plant native to Indonesia. The spread of the plant Curcuma However, many grown on the island of Java, Maluku and Kalimantan. Characteristics of Wild Ginger grows as a bush without a rod. Starting from the base of leaf stalks are long standing. Plant height between 2 m s / d 2.5 m. The leaves are long like a banana leaf round the stem where leaves are close to each other to form the stem. These plants can thrive in the lowlands with an altitude of 750 m above sea level, plants can be harvested after 8-12 months with traits such as leaf yellowing want to die. Tubers will grow at the base of the stem is dark yellow or light brown with a length of 15 cm diameter and 6 cm, it smells a bit spicy and slightly bitter. ginger has long been used for generations by our ancestors to treat jaundice, diarrhea, heartburn, flatulence and fatigue. Finally also be used to lower blood fat, prevent blood clotting as an antioxidant and maintain health by increasing the body's immune

2. Vicious shard or Javanese people call it by name "sambang geteh", while on the ground Pasundan known as "remek meat", "reundeu beureum", and people call it by name ternate "lire". This plant has many minerals such as potassium, calcium, and sodium and other mineral elements. In addition there are also silicic acid, tannins, and glycosides. Usefulness as a remedy dysentery, diarrhea (diarrhea) and drugs and kidney stones can also be as lowering cholesterol. The leaves of this plant other than to drink boiled water, can also be eaten as fresh vegetables every day and carried out regularly. Leaves nasty shard also often used to overcome the body's got an itchy caterpillar or black ants, by applying a direct way leaves nasty shard on the itching part. To cope with diarrhea (diarrhea), dysentery, all parts of the plant is boiled, for about half an hour, kudian water is taken. The same process is to treat kidney stones. The leaves can also overcome the vicious shard diabetes by regularly eaten as fresh vegetables every day. Similarly to mengobai liver disease (jaundice), ambient (hemorrhoids) and gastritis by means eaten regularly.

3. Bitter (Andrographis paniculata), is a kind of herbaceous plant of family Acanthaceae, which originated from India and Sri Lanka. The Sambiloto also be found in other areas, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and several places in the Americas. Andrographis genus has 28 species of herbs, but little is medically efficacious, one of which is Andrographis paniculata (bitter). Bitter leaves contain many compounds Andrographolide, which is a bicyclic diterpenoid lactone compound. Chemical compounds that taste bitter was first isolated by Gorter in tahun1911. Andrographolide has liver protecting properties (hepatoprotective), and proved able to protect the liver from the negative effects galaktosamin and paracetamol. Efficacy is closely related to the activity of certain metabolic enzymes. Sambiloto has long been known to have medical properties. Ayurveda is one of the ancient Indian system of medicine that includes bitter as a medical herb, which is called by the name Kalmegh bitter in Ayurveda. In addition to nutritious protects the liver, bitter can also suppress the growth of cancer cells. This is because the active compound, ie, Andrographolide, lower expression of the enzyme CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase 4).

4. HANDEULEUM (Graptopthyllum pictum [L.] Griff) Efficacy and treatments: Hemorrhoids: 10 g of fresh leaf handeuleum washed and boiled in 2 cups of water until the remaining 1 cup cooking water. Once cool, strain and drink boiled water morning and evening each ½ cup. Bruising: bark is cleaned and then finely ground and then massaged and wrapped with a bandage on the bruised area. Replace two meals a day. Constipation: 7 pieces of leaf wash and boil with 2 cups water to 1 cup. Once cool, strain and drink as well.

5. Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L) including chronic terna plant that usually grows in shaded places. Green leaves are smooth with a little purple, wavy edges, and irregularly toothed. Near the base of the stem, toothed leaves that form a rosette and terpusar located on the top hugging the stem Intermittent. Wavy leaves hug the stem is an efficacious destroy kidney stones. Inside the leaves contained high levels of potassium. The presence of potassium from the leaves is what makes tempuyung kidney stones scattered in the form of calcium carbonate, because potassium will get rid of calcium to join the compound carbonate, oxalate, or uric which is a kidney stone formers. The precipitate was finally dissolved kidney stones and washed out with urine. For use as a drug takes five pieces of fresh leaves tempuyung. Once washed, leaves smoked for a while. The leaves are eaten as a salad once finished with rice. In one day we can eat salad three times

6. Beluntas an upright shrubs, woody, much branched, with a height can reach two meters. Single leaf, rounded egg shape, pointed tip, downy, yellowish-green young leaves and old after a long pale green leaves and from 3.8 to 6.4 cm. Grows wild in the soil with high humidity; in several places in West Java, this plant is used as a hedge and the boundary between guludan on the plantation. Some areas in Indonesia beluntas name with different names like baluntas (Madura), Luntas (Central Java), and Lamutasa (Napier). Traditionally the leaves are used as medicine beluntas to eliminate body odor, decreased drug fever, cough, and diarrhea medication. Beluntas leaf that has been boiled is very good for treating skin disease. Besides, it leaves beluntas also frequently consumed by the public as fresh vegetables. Presence information from the community who traditionally have long used the leaves as one beluntas medicinal plants led researchers to conduct various studies to prove the usefulness of scientific inquiry. In this paper we will try exposure beluntas two research utilization in the form of leaf extract as an antibacterial component and essential oils as antioxidants

7. Knob planted flowers in the yard and planted as an ornamental plant growing wild in fields or enough sunlight. Plants originating from tropical America can be found at an altitude of 1-1300 m above sea level. It was sweet, neutral in nature. Flowers knob efficacious as cough medicine, drug shortness of breath, sputum and drug peluruh eye inflammation. Chemical content of Gomphrenin I, Gomphrenin II, III Gomphrenin, Gomphrenin V, VI and amarathin Gomphrenin. The content of essential oils, flavone or saponins have properties as a laxative sputum. Parts used are whole flowers or herbs fresh or dried herbs. Indications: o Interest o efficacious for the treatment of whooping cough (pertusus), o Pulmonary tuberculosis accompanied by coughing up blood, o Shortness of breath (Bronchial Asthma), o acute airway inflammation and chronic inflammation of the eye o, o Headache, o Heat and seizures in children due to liver disorders, nightmares in children, Dysentery o, and o is not smooth urination

7. Cloves are the dried flower bud of the clove tree generated, clove tree widely grown in the tropics, Indonesia is known as one of the clove-producing countries. Many plants resulting in the Moluccas. Clove today largely utilized for flavoring food, while utilization for health has been known for centuries. In China, cloves are used to eliminate bad breath more than 2000 years ago, at the time of Emperor to suggest if people want to see him have to chew cloves in advance so that when the talk will smell the fragrant aroma. Even clove in China and Persia are also thought to stimulate sexual pitalitas. Cloves are very strong efficacious for drug because it can stimulate. Anti-bacterial, anti-virus and anti-septic. Once processed into oil of cloves can be used to relieve pain for people with toothaches because the content of the compounds contained therein can help circulation and stimulate blood circulation and skin when applied directly to the skin. Together is informed some of the benefits of cloves for treatment, including: • Stimulates the respiratory aromatics: Used to treat nausea, vomiting, abdominal bloating, fatigue and digestive disorders. Clove oil can also be used as a powerful antiseptic and wound healer and can relieve throat. Cloves are widely used as a real drug is used to protect them from colds and stomach bloating. Helps stimulate blood circulation and regulate body temperature. • Indigestion: Clove can stimulate the production of enzymatic and improve digestive functioning. Cloves are used in addressing permasalahn stomach, abdominal pain and digestive disorders. As for how pembuatanya drug used to treat vomiting, abdominal pain and throat is to soften cloves and mixed with honey then dimimum. • Cholera: Cloves are very powerful to cope with cholera because it can strengthen intestine mucus and gastric ulcers and increase the number of white blood, as for how to take 4 grams of clove bud and 3 cups of water and then boiled until it becomes half. • Asthma: For treatment of asthma medication how to take the six petals of clove mixed with 30 ml of water and a little honey, do it 3 times a day. • Toothache: For toothache how to cope with the utilization of 10 cloves roasted until charred. Milled until smooth, put kelubang teeth to taste, then cover with cotton. Apply 2 times a day. Another way: plug tooth cavities with cotton that has been spilled oil of cloves.• Headache: To overcome the headaches do with mixing cloves, salt and milk, because the nature of the salt can absorb liquid and lowers blood pressure. • Blood Circulation: Clove oil is beneficial to increase your metabolism, by increasing blood circulation will lower body temperature.

Spices

Spices are parts of aromatic plants or plants that can be used for many things in human life. In the food industry, the herb is used as a food preservative and perisa (hallmark enhancer like the taste) in cooking.

In colonial times, the herb is the most valuable products in addition to trade for the above functions, the herb also has a function as a valuable ingredient in medicine / treatment.

One reason why the Portuguese explorers like Vasco Da Gama reached India and the Moluccas which was then followed by the Netherlands. Similarly, Columbus who had previously been to first find the way to the Continent east to get the spices, which eventually found the fact that he had come to the wrong continent of the Americas.

Here are some types of herbs and their usefulness:

1. Cinnamon. Cinnamon is one of the oldest food spices used by humans. This spice is used in Ancient Egypt around 5000 years ago, and mentioned several times in the books of the Old Testament.Cinnamon is also traditionally used as a supplement to various diseases, with mixed honey, such as treatment for arthritis, skin, heart, and abdominal bloating.
2. Ginger (Zingiber officinale), is a very popular plant rhizome as a spice and medicinal materials. Rhizome fingers shaped bulge in the middle sections. Due to peppery flavor dominant ketone compound called zingeron. Ginger including spare Zingiberaceae (Intersection-finding). The scientific name for ginger is given by William Roxburgh from the Greek word zingiberi, from Sanskrit, singaberi. Ginger is thought to have originated from India. But there is also trust the ginger comes from South China. From India, ginger was taken as the spice trade to Southeast Asia, China, Japan, to the Middle East. Then in the days of colonialism, ginger which can provide a warm and spicy flavor to foods soon became a popular commodity in Europe. Because ginger can only survive in the tropics, planting only bsia performed in equatorial regions are like Southeast Asia, Brazil, and Africa. Currently Equador and Brazil became the world's largest supplier of ginger.
3. Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) is one of the types of medicinal plants belonging to the tribe-finding meeting (Zingiberaceae). Rhizomes or rhizomes of this plant contain essential oils and alkaloids are used as stimulants. Other names are cekur (Malaysia) and pro hom (Thailand). In the international literature (English) often occurred as chaos by calling kencur Lesser galangal (Alpinia officinarum) and zedoary (Intersection white), which is actually a distinct species and not a substitute spices. There is also a close relative kencur commonly planted in the garden as a medicinal plant, Intersection Rapet (K. rotunda Jacq.), But easily distinguished from the leaves. Kencur name borrowed from Sanskrit, kachora, कचोर, which means white Intersection (Curcuma zedoaria).
   
4. Kunir or turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn. Syn. Curcuma domestica Val.) Including one of the spices and medicinal plants native to Southeast Asia. These plants then the distribution to the Indo-Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia and even Africa. Almost everyone Indonesia and India and the Asian nations generally never eat this spice plants, either as a complement to a cooking spice, herb or to maintain health and beauty. Turmeric is classified in group gingers, Zingiberaceae. Turmeric is known in various regions with few local names, such as turmeric (UK), turmeric (Netherlands), Turmeric (Indonesia and Malaysia), Kunir (Java), Koneng (Sunda), Konyet (Madura). Turmeric is a spice commonly used in cooking in Asian countries. Turmeric is often used as a spice in cooking a kind of curry, and is also used to give a yellow color to dishes, or as a preservative. [2] Pharmaceutical products made ​​from turmeric, is able to compete with a variety of patent medicines, such as for inflammation of the joints (rheumatoid arthritis) or osteo-arthritis deklofenak contain active sodium, piroxicam, and phenyl butason with a relatively expensive or food supplements (Vitamin-plus) in capsule form. Finished material products from extracts of turmeric dietary supplements in capsule form (Vitamin-plus) market and the industry has developed. Food supplements are made from raw materials turmeric extract with additional material Vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, Vitamin E, Lecithin, Amprotab, Mg-stearate, and Kolidon Nepagin 90. Tuber roots older than one year are used as medicine (root tuber is cool, clean, particularly affecting the abdomen in the stomach, stimulate, release the overage gas in the intestines, stop bleeding and prevent blood clotting) aside from that is also used as an ingredient in cooking . Turmeric is also used as an anti-itch and anti-spasm and reduce swelling of the mucous membranes of the mouth. Turmeric juice consumed in the form called the filtrate, also taken as extracts or used as an ointment for treating swelling and sprains. Turmeric is also believed to cure a stuffy nose, how to burn the turmeric and breathe it. [2] Turmeric can be used to cure some of the issues related to irregularities in the kidneys work, especially in the miraculous cases are characterized by an unpleasant body odor and the eyes are not resistant to light, the use of turmeric is very effective, that drinking a glass of juice with turmeric ( disposed of the waste), for 2 consecutive weeks. A simple way is: 1. Take a handful of turmeric, then peeled 2. Grate or juice in a blender (regular water added to taste) 3. Boil 2-3 times (usually marked by expansion) 4. Add a little salt (tip of a spoon) 5. Strain / Squeeze 6. Pour lime juice (1-3 seeds, to taste) 7. Add sugar or honey 8. Drinking (better in warm conditions) Should not drink after 5pm. It is also very effective to cure the flu / fever in mothers who are pregnant (do notneed to be done every day, usually 1-2 days was able to recover), so avoid the use of chemical drugs that can harm the fetus. When consumed by pregnant mothers, babies born is believed to be clean of fats that are often attached / covered the baby's body. The use of turmeric instant, should not be done for the treatment (especially for pregnant women), because there are other content-content that may be harmful to the content. The main content of turmeric is curcumin and essential oil that functions for the treatment of hepatitis, antioxidants, digestive disorders, anti-microbial, anti cholesterol, anti-HIV, anti-tumor (induces apostosis), inhibits growth of breast tumor cells, inhibits ploriferasi on colon tumor cells, anti- invasion, anti-rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatism). Diabetes mellitus, Typhus, Appendicitis, dysentery, leucorrhoea Hospital; Menstruation is not smooth, stomach pains during menstruation, breastfeeding Streamlining; tonsils, mucous stools, Morbili, Cangkrang (Waterproken). Turmeric has a bright prospect in the downstream industries sector in various forms such as extracts, oils, starch, food / beverage, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products and IKOT / IOT.
5. PALA /Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) is a plant form of trees originating from the Banda Islands, Maluku. Due to the high value as a spice, fruit and nutmeg has become an important trade commodity since Roman times. Pala was mentioned in Pliny's encyclopedia "Old". Since the era of European exploration of nutmeg is widespread in tropical areas such as Mauritius and the Caribbean (island of Grenada). The term is also used for nutmeg nutmeg traded. The plant was married two (dioecious) tree that is known male and female trees. The leaves are elliptical trim. The fruit is oval shaped like a lemon, yellow, fleshy and aromatic distinctive because it contains essential oils on the fruit. When ripe, the skin and flesh of the fruit open and the seeds will be seen wrapped in the red mace. The fruit produces a brown seeds. Nutmeg harvested seeds, coated seeds (arillus), and the flesh. In trade, coated seed is called mace nutmeg, or in English is called mace, in pharmaceutical terms is called myristicae arillus or macis). Meat nutmeg myristicae called Fructus cortex. The first harvest performed 7 to 9 years after the tree is planted and reach a maximum production capacity after 25 years. The growth can reach 20m and can reach hundreds of years old. Before marketed, dried beans to dry after the split from fulinya. Drying takes six to eight weeks. The interior of the grain will shrink in this process and will be heard when the seeds shaken. Seed shell will be broken and sold as part of the nutmeg seed.
6. LADA / Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a tangible spice seeds produced by plants of the same name. Pepper is very important in the components of world cuisine and is widely known as an important trading commodity in the Old World. In the past the price is so high that it became one of the triggers exploration of Eastern Europe to Asia to master the trade and, thus, began the history of the colonization of Africa, Asia, and America. In Indonesia, pepper is mainly generated on the island of Bangka. Pepper called sahang in Malay language locales such as Banjar, Malay Islands, Sambas Malays, and others.
7. BAWANG MERAH /Onion (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum Group) is a kind of spice plants into various cuisines of Southeast Asia and the world. Javanese people know him as scallions. The most widely used are tubers, although some of the culinary traditions also use the leaves and flower stalks as cooking seasonings. This plant is thought to have originated from Central Asia and Southeast Asia. Onions contain vitamin C, potassium, fiber, and folic acid. In addition, red onions also contain calcium and iron. Shallots also contain natural plant growth regulators in the form of the hormone auxin and gibberellins. Other uses onion as traditional medicine, the onion is known as a drug because it contains antiseptic effect and compound alliin. The compound alliin by alliinase enzyme subsequently converted into pyruvic acid, ammonia, and alliisin as an anti-microbial that is bactericidal.
8. BAWANG PUTIH Garlic is the name of the genus Allium plants as well as the name of the tubers produced. Bulbs of garlic crop is the main ingredient for seasoning base Indonesian cuisine. Raw garlic is full of sulfur compounds, including chemical called alliin which makes raw garlic was bitter or angur. Garlic is used as a spice that is used almost in every food and cuisine of Indonesia. Before being used as a seasoning, crushed garlic with a knife pressed to the side (dikeprek) before finely chopped and sauteed in a frying pan with a little cooking oil. Garlic can also be mashed with various types of materials that lain.Dan spices can also be used as a remedy wart disease, how: keprek garlic (not to fine) then put on the wart and a strong tie with a cloth or plaster wait up to 30 minutes, do not too many moves, then the skin will be hot and your warts will menghitam.Besoknya rid of warts. Garlic has natural antibiotic properties as in the human body.

COFFEE FOR HEALTH BENEFITS

For fans of coffee, probably not many know what the benefits of the coffee itself. coffee favored by millions of human beings is proved to have a pretty attractive benefits for health. And the coffee is delicious it has so many benefits. Are as follows:

• Caffeinated coffee drinkers are less likely to develop Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Content of antioxidants in coffee will prevent cell damage associated with Parkinson's. While caffeine will inhibit inflammation in the brain, often associated with Alzheimer's.

• Protect the teeth. Coffee with caffeine has antibacterial and non-stick capabilities, so as to maintain a layer of bacteria that cause tooth gnawing holes. Drinking a cup of coffee per day is proven to prevent the risk of oral cancer by half. Compounds found in coffee can also limit the growth of cancer cells and damage DNA.

• Reduce the risk of breast cancer. Approaching the menopause, women WHO consumed four cups of coffee a day had a reduced risk of breast cancer by 38 percent, According to a study published in The Journal of Nutrition. Coffee releases phytoestrogens and flavonoids That can withstand the growth of tumors. However, consumption of less than 4 cups Will not get this benefit

• Prevent gallstones. Gallstones grow when the mucus in the gallbladder cholesterol crystals trap. Xanthine, which is found in caffeine, will reduce the risk of mucus and storage. Two cups of coffee or more each day will help this process

• Protecting the skin. Consumption of 2-5 cups of coffee a day can help lower the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer by 17 percent. Caffeine can stimulate the skin to kill the precancerous cells, and also stop the growth of tumors

• Preventing diabetes. People who consume 3-4 cups of regular coffee or decaf coffee (with caffeine levels are reduced) will reduce the risk of developing type II diabetes by 30 percent. Chlorogenic acid can help prevent insulin resistance, which is a sign of this disease

Of course the above mentioned benefits will be felt when we consume coffee on a regular basis and tend to be exaggerated, because in addition to the positive side for the health, coffee also has a negative side to health if consumed in excess.

There is no definite measure for the dose of coffee may be consumed. However, most studies reveal that drinking 300 mg of caffeine (about 1 to 3 cups of coffee a day) does not give negative effects on most healthy people. However, everyone has their own limits on the consumption of caffeine. Most people can consume 2 cups of coffee a day without any problems. But there is also experiencing the bad effects of coffee consumption by the number of even less. Someone told me after drinking a cup of coffee became unable to sleep through the night, otherwise there is sound asleep after drinking coffee. So understand, the best way is to listen to the body's own response

Here are some things to your attention when you drink coffee:

• Recognize the "Effect" of Coffee What you Drink :Recognize the danger signals of coffee so we know when to stop drinking coffee. Danger signals include: restlessness, palpitations, sleep disturbances and mood disorders (eg, irritability) A coffee drinkers who stopped drinking coffee may experience "caffeine withdrawal" that characterized by throbbing headaches, but these symptoms will disappear after 24-48 hours or get a new dose of caffeine

• Recognize Caffeine Content: After knowing the dose and the response of the body, it helps us to know the content of caffeine in products that often we consume. In order not to copy the recommended dose has been reached, yet we still consume other products that contain caffeine, so feel the bad effects of coffee. Some other products that contain caffeine should be considered such as: soft drinks, coffee candy, tea, chocolate, headache medicine. Method of processing (roasting and brewing) also affects the content of caffeine in coffee. For example, a study shows, a cup of coffee at Starbucks contains an average of 259 mg of caffeine compared to coffee with the type and size of the same cup at Dunkin Donuts, which only contains 149 mg of caffeine. From other studies, decaf coffee (coffee without caffeine) good to those who are obese because it can raise HDL ("good" cholesterol) by about 50%. Whereas in those who are not obese can actually lower the HDL cholesterol that can increase the risk of heart disease.

• Coffee Mix: According to the study, 5mg calcium is lost for every 6 ounces of coffee we consume. Therefore, try to combine the occasional coffee with a few tablespoons of milk. In addition to healthier, you can also feel the other varieties of coffee right??
  Many say the coffee and cigarettes are a true friend, but it's wrong. Smoking can damage the enjoyment of coffee. Therefore, the true coffee connoisseurs will not smoke.

• Periodic check-ups and groups "Anti-Coffee". Make periodic checks on health, in this case is a measure of blood pressure. The earlier known hypertension, the better for further management.There are some 'class' which is not recommended to drink coffee. The following groups are advised to avoid the coffee: pregnant women, children, the elderly, people with heart and blood vessel disease (eg hypertension). Well, if you already belong to this group, forget the coffee!

Similarly, a brief description of Coffee and matters related thereto. May be useful for the readers / visitors of this blog.

Quoted from some blogs.